Thursday, March 31. 2011Why Google Really Ban the AGPL
Chris DeBona, Google’s Open Source guru, goes a little limp when confronted with the AGPL. The AGPL license is designed so that ASP’s using AGPL licensed code for web services are required to deliver their code back to the open source community. It was used in relation to e.g. the Google database search ranking algorithms, they would all have to be laid bare. Google disallowing it, DeBona claims, is a procedural matter, because dealing with it would tie up too much time. This is almost certainly true, but omits the most obvious and more important precedent truth. Dealing with it would tie up so much time because Google would have to be so damned sure it gets us nowhere close to being used on anything important within the business and fear of the wrong thing occurring would tie every software project up in so much red-tape the CEO’s sign off would be required for an employee to save a variable to memory on a Casio scientific calculator. Chris has picked out what we might call a “happy co-incident truth” as to why the AGPL is not used. He has picked an aspect of the truth that sounds more open source friendly and avoids highlighting Google are only interested in open source in so far as it helps them strategically rather than as a matter of principle. E.g. their motive is first and foremost to run a business and make profit - big news there.
The sad fact is many have been allowing themselves to be duped by Google’s spin on open source. Yes open sourcing Android et. al. is better than staying closed. However you can deliver as many open source projects as you like when your business and revenues are all dependent on a closed centralised database and the products of your open source projects are deeply integrated with the same. DeBona’s use of language and Google’s attitude to AGPL is a very public reflection of this reality. Yes they are committed to Open Source, while it supports their preferred centralised database money making machine. Of course there is nothing wrong with Google making money or keeping their Db closed. Only don't argue they are serving the good of the greater global community by doing so. The reality is, open source provides a great way co-opt worker bees to help build services and an ecosystem that bolster that core business, which will remain closed and earning money for Google for as long as they can manage. Which leads us on to Honeycomb, Google’s forthcoming tablet specific OS. The most likely reason for the delay to publishing Honeycomb source is due to the fact the tablet market isn't tied-in to operators who have the same incentive to stick with Google's momentum as they currently do for Android on phones. For tablets there is a greater danger a large manufacturer, will branch Android to create a tightly integrated killer device. So why should Google open themselves to that risk? Of course the official line about wanting to perfect the user experience before publishing the source is another one of those happy co-incident truths thrown out to placate and distract the worker bees in the open source community from commercial reality. It deflects but cannot change the simple fact that Google have the keys and they are keeping the box firmly closed until a time of their choosing - thus demonstrating they hold all the cards. Honeycomb will probably end up being open source software, but it isn’t Free Software (free as in “speech” not free as in “beer” etc.). And it is free (as in beer) only while it channels efforts into bolstering their centralised database and services. I suspect Google are looking at Apple and realising the tablet market has such large potential, they are missing a trick. Google’s position is not so secure as was Microsoft’s during the 90’s and early noughties. The core business is search and unlike when you own your own OS you can be dislodged from it. There is a lot of noise about cloud based services, but encouraging adoption is proving harder than they anticipated. Now they are facing Occam’s razor; stick with Open Source in a hope it will bolster centralised database services, or recognise the tablet market offers huge potential revenues in it’s own right and the opportunity to get an asset people pay for like Microsoft had and still have. They are right there, in tablet number two spot, as the market is exploding but still not making money from it because they are pretending they don't own Android OS (they only don't wholly own the last publicly published version, which will always be 6-9 months behind HEAD - an aeon in IT). Is Apple revenue envy bringing about an identity crisis ? Don’t do evil / yes but make money / drop open source / no ! don’t do evil / yes but make money / drop open source / no ! don’t do evil / yes but make money. [Edit: Of course I would suggest Google examine adopting an Open Interface license - then the Open Source community and Google could work without friction and Google could fairly deliver a commercial User Experience and potentially allow access to HEAD.] Paul Lancefield on Twitter Tuesday, March 29. 2011How Broadsight could double the UK Government's #StartupBritain offering to £3000
Well, all we would have to offer is a 10% discount off a decent standard piece of work on a new business strategy, business model and business plan. Following the logic of the StartupBritain deals, that's another £1500 in your pocket....but of course, you would have to spend the other 90% to get it.
This is because, sadly, the whole StartupBritain effort is essentially a supermarket book of "money off if you buy X" coupons, rather than actual cash in a starveling startup's pocket - Postdesk:
I agree - this was being sold today as something akin to a £1500 startup grant*, it is most certainly not that. It's more like saying I can start my own cornershop with a £1500-off Tesco's coupon book, all I need to do is spend £15,000-plus or so to get it. What's more it's apparently using public money to promote it - the very least I'd have expected is that the advertisers on the site pay to completely fund it's costs.. And to make it worse, it's not even a uniquely better deal than you can get as standard from many of the suppliers The UK startup industry needs all the help they can get, but recycling lots of money-off deals you can get in the open market anyway is not it. Here is what we would imagine doing instead, using asymmetric benefits - i.e. things that cost the Government very little but make a real difference to the startup, whose biggest costs are wages, space and kit: - Company Tax holiday for the first N year (like Ireland does) All these would realistically cost the government very little (early day startups being as poor as churchmice anyway), but make a big difference in lightening the load so a startup can get itself off the ground. I note that in parallel with this, HMG is cutting really free and impartial business advice services like Business Link and Libraries I don't actually think this sort of thing helps the credibility of the government's (probably honestly good) intentions, it makes them look clueless (hence the parodies) as it is essentially of very little material value (a day or two's burn rate?), and in effect is not impartial and is very constraining. I hope that the plan going forward takes the suggestions from ourselves and others and builds a practical service from this. We hope you found this useful - our invoice for the other 90% will be in the post Update - article in the WSJ says the naysayers are missing the point: To concentrate on the admittedly not brilliant website and on the somewhat desultory offers is to miss the bigger picture. Entrepreneurship is the key to economic prosperity. There is a very real cultural problem across Europe with the whole concept of entrepreneurialism. Changing cultures takes a lot of time and a lot of effort. Some efforts will succeed, others will fail. With respect to Mr Rooney, I think he is missing the even bigger point - ie that without fundamental structural changes to the infrastructure supporting small companies and entrepreneurialism in the UK (see our suggested points above) then all the PR pizazz and Government rhetoric in the world won't help. As Umair Haque has so pithily put it - "Banks get mega-bailouts. Entrepreneurs get...a packet of coupons. See the problem?" *Which brings us back to the plague of Clueless Journalists regurgitating PR releases..... Monday, March 28. 2011The Non-Bubble Bubble
More people thinking there may be a bubble - NYT:
Funds set up by Goldman and JPMorgan Chase have invested in Internet start-ups like Facebook and Twitter or in funds with stakes in those start-ups. Even the mutual fund giants Fidelity Investments and T. Rowe Price have stepped up their efforts, placing large bets on companies like Groupon and Zynga. This last point is of little comfort, as Paul Kedrosky points out, these companies have sort-of-IPO'd already...
Moving the notch up to Force 8 on our Bubblewatch.....but I think I got the order the wrong way around this time due to the secondary markets Paul is talking about: 7. The "Big IPO" happens (Netscape et al) But it's pretty much only the Valley VC's (in)vested in the sector who are now saying "there is no bubble", because - of course - the last thing they need is all the Greater Fools to take fright/flight at this point..... Apple’s Unfair Price Advantage
There has been much written about Apple’s growing industry dominance. However still the consensus appears to be that although they are market leaders, they are not yet so dominant in any one market they are yet open to accusations of monopolistic practice. The Apple App Store subscriptions policy may have caused consternation amongst the technorati who are used to having the choice to develop using free and open source software and are not used to facing multiple channels to market where the channels have gatekeeper owners. But in the TV and Music industry it is different. Suppliers are used to appraising the value of a channel to market in terms of the profit they can make more than shouting about what the next guy is making, the attitude is more along the lines of “good on them, so long as I can turn a profit” more than “they’re screwing us; call in the DOJ”.
However that may be about to change. Where before it was difficult to pin anything on Apple because, though they are large, in no single market do they clearly have a monopoly, they may now be judged to be helping themselves to an unfair pricing advantage. This is why: Apple, owning both iTunes and the App Store have developed an ecosystem which allows the delivery of a multiplicity of content through to Apple devices. Prior to the advent of in-app subscriptions, the App Store and iTunes ecosystems did not overlap. There has for some time, however been overlap between Apple TV movie rentals and movies available for rent and sale via iTunes, but this particular overlap hasn’t raised any concerns because in both cases Apple are simply putting margin on top of wholesale supply through an Apple channel. With the advent of in-app content subscription, that is no longer the case. Now if a supplier wishes to get a new TV Series onto Apple devices, they can either supply Apple as a wholesaler and find the Apple mark-up as a proportion of the final sale price is a relatively attractive 19% (at least according to this NYT article) or they can sell content direct to the customer through their own in-app subscription and find the Apple mark-up as a proportion of final sale price is a rather less attractive 30%. In other words iTunes is a competitive channel to in-app subscription and it has a built in price advantage. It’s one thing to supply a take-it or leave-it channel to market but it is another thing when increasing market use of one of your channels is bound, through price disparity, to enhance the value of another competitive channel. The in-app content subscription model is attractive to a wide variety of content beyond TV, music and film content but not just restricted to those markets. However iTunes competes with TV, music and film. So suppliers to these segments might well start to cry foul. They can now fairly say they can’t play in this new market along with businesses in the other segments without finding themselves undercut by iTunes. They can also claim this amounts to unfair pressure to supply iTunes (and Apple also has interest in Disney and Pixar of course). [Edit: This is a different more specific argument and more substantial argument I think, than those that have been put to date. Suppliers can further claim the in-app subscription policy will unfairly hold them to maintaining a higher price or lower margin than iTunes would charge for the same content, unless they artificially raise the wholesale price]. Now of course the counter argument - and it still probably holds - is that the supplier is free to choose alternative channels than any of those Apple provides. However with iPad proving to be the most successful consumer electronics product in history, this argument will look increasingly thin. Personally I feel charitable towards Apple. I think the balance of the explanation for the inequity is that Apple are finding as market power increases, it is increasingly easy to fall into the trap of unintended consequences. E.g. that whilst a business might not plan to implement unfair practices, as it's market power grows, if policies are not carefully considered from the fair competition standpoint and if a metaphorical rule is not passed over all policy from above, it is easy to start implementing such. However a corporate business is a complex beast, so whilst there are elements of the unintended, there are still individuals within the hive mind that have taken deliberate action. So a business can be both aware and unaware of the consequences of such practices depending on where you are looking at and who you are talking to. In any business like Apple, internally there will be resistance to the notion “we are becoming a monopoly.” A business will always tend to view itself as a fair but successful competitor, and in my view Apple has more reasons than most businesses that have reached a similar size, to view itself as just that. However it is also important for a business to understand that simply through size and power alone, and not necessarily due to any particular culture or cynicism, it is possible to move into the territory of unfair competitive advantage. It will be interesting to see if Apple have the capacity and self awareness to identify when they have crossed that line and take corrective action. Paul Lancefield on Twitter Friday, March 25. 2011Green is the color of my competition's face...
Color.xxx Pitch Deck
We were asked what we thought about Color, and that they had received $41m funding before launching their product (there has been a little bit of a Sturm und Drang about it - even in Silicon Valley, which says a lot...) So, some thoughts:
And besides, there is nothing we can say that hasn't already been said in this p*sstake presentation (see above) Besides, it validates the Broadsight use of the Colour Wheel as a company symbol. Booyah! * Update - You can tell they must be new around here - CEO Bill Nguyen doesn't know that the Great SocNet No-No is to tell the truth about what they do: Color is not about photo sharing. It’s a new way to build spontaneous social networks — and collect massive amounts of data about what people are doing and where they’re doing it — without collecting any personally identifiable information like last names, addresses, or even passwords. I think you meant to say "connect to your friends and have an enriched experience that we facilitate" there Bill Update - Henry Blodgett (yes, the one who was barred from securities analysis...) likes it, thinks it's worth $41m and says the bubblecallers don't know what they are talking about. Now THATS what I call validation of our article And more...Warren Buffet says Social network sites are overpriced ahead of IPO. Double validation! Tuesday, March 22. 2011Apple, Facebook and Tick-Through Revenue in the Post-PC World
App-stores have broken the online payments psychology. Where free apps once lead the charge, commercial apps are finishing it. Users now expect to pay and crucially, want to pay for a higher quality experience. With a few notable exceptions, free apps are bombing whereas, apps which charge a reasonable price are flying high. They are the keepers.
![]() That’s in the app-space but it can surely only be a matter of time before the same trend crosses over into the content and news space. Meanwhile, as content publishers are bleeding money the free web remains a big problem for the publishing business. Undoubtedly, for those who know how to exploit it, it is becoming an opportunity. But exploiting the opportunity will mean knowing how to generate not click-through but tick-through (transaction click-through - e.g. a transaction occurring as soon as a link is clicked, or one quick acknowledgement click after). The App Store has shown, once there is a sizeable community able to pay for access to content and a system supporting micro-transactions, the user will pay. Micro-payments have, of course, been a solution sought for so long, now they are actually starting to happen the phrase has gone out of fashion. The secret to the new content marketing strategies will be, like for native-apps, to make the charge low-enough and the quality of the experience high enough. And that of course, is the major hole that can now be plugged by the confluence of web, tablet, app and HTML5. The opportunity for the incumbent old media content business is to leverage scale to increase production value beyond that which the smaller player can hope to achieve. Of course, just as there has always been academic research, and so too there has always been a sophisticated early adopter audience happily and diligently curating their own news through twitter and who will want little else. But the commerce-repellant power of free content via self-curation through self-configured “friends” feeds is, IMHO, greatly overstated. Personal social news feeds will remain hugely important and will of course continue to provide a very important channel into free content but early adopters are by nature more analytical, thoughtful and dynamic than the majority. Much of the rest of the world wants simply to hang-out online with friends and get a bit of entertainment after work and for these users tick-through will naturally become an important portion of consumption. As Zuckerberg already knows, there is value in exclusivity and once content is available behind an easy micropayment, many many friends will be all too eager to cough-up just to be in the know, stay in the club and share the super-produced experience. Whoever can deliver content, engage and entertain the audience, will succeed. The holly grail will be to establish a brand with sufficient pull and low-enough prices the user will tick-through, along with the community of friends, as easily as sending a text. The adroit marketeer will lead regular tickers to ultra-easy to join subscription packages. We can expect to see many new high-production value content properties emerge, supplementing free to access content with highly produced lead-ins to the paid for content. Of course, a potential tick-through payments facilitator with enough stored-energy to dwarf even iTunes in this brave new world is Facebook. Indeed, stopping Facebook is, in my view, the primary driver behind the structure of Apple’s 30% content revenue cut. All the time Apple are king of the micro-payment facilitator hill, they can’t be ignored and the universal price requirement means they can’t be under-cut. Currently the big four facilitators are:
And there are some outside bets as well:
In my judgement the most important sources of tick-through generation (and I’m willing to bet increasingly, in the content business, little else will count) are in order of importance:
I have put web-search in third place and don’t include advertising at all due to a combination of fact and logic. Social is now top in hits. Search implies people have something to find, but as old style web-time gets transformed further into entertainment and social time we used to spend exclusively in front of the TV and with friends, the known “branded content” hub will become increasingly the site of first recourse. From the tick-through standpoint, content hubs will triumph (poor Yahoo! getting on the party-boat departing 13 years before the time on the invite). Advertising doesn’t figure because advertising click-through is a tiny fraction of clicks from social referral, curated content and search results and so as a source of tick-through generation will hardly count (though paid positioning in a content hubs will count - so perhaps we should call it “new advertising”). As a final thought, Apple, by implementing their 30% rule, have ensured a vicious competition for exclusive content is bound to break-out. Exclusive content will be hot property desirable for its ability to draw users onto alternative micro-payment facilities and hand over the details on their plastic. Paul Lancefield on Twitter The (near) future of mobile digital media is written on tablets
Bit of free time, so writing up my notes from Morning 2 of the Financial Times Digital Media & Broadcasting conference 2 weeks ago. Big takeaway is that everyone expects the near past to look like the near future:
Firstly, that old chestnut, Books - Engaging readers in the digital age had Chris Cleave, New York Times #1 bestselling novelist; John Makinson, Chairman and CEO, Penguin Group and Richard Palk, General Manager at Digital Reading Business Europe, Sony on teh panel. My notes abiut Things I had not heard before are: - iPad adoption speed incredible, no one is sure what it eans but unlikely to be bale to charge silly prices like you can on e-Readers. 70% margisn are going to come off Amazon/Kindle. Then came the obligatory New markets, new models session - with Tony Chambers, General Manager, Emerging Markets, The Walt Disney Company, EMEA; Mark Read, Director of Strategy, WPP and Caleb Weinstein, Senior Vice President, Discovery Networks, Emerging Markets. New Points noted are: - Where is the growth? - not BRICS et al, they can't pay western prices so piracy is endemic - long term game. ROI > 5 years Then comes the even more obligatory "Next-generation advertising and marketing" featuring Jeff Levick, President of Global Advertising and Strategy, AOL; William Eccleshare, President & CEO, Clear Channel International; Matt Brittin , Managing Director, Google UK and Guy Hayward, CEO, JWT UK Group. New points made: - There has been very little innovation in Display ads over last 10 yaers, the system was built by technologists in dotcom era but marketers are starting to change it now The Google chap said that they had not given up with Google TV, but will iterate from what they have learned. My summary - After 2 days at the conference, I think apart from the more rapid growth of the iPad, and the entrance of a 2nd wave of "adventure capital" into Video, the heavy duty work we did in this space in 2008 stands up pretty well - ie it was all largely predictable. I sat down this morning with my notes trying to scry trends and threads and connections just "below the surface", or anything that looks truly disruptive. I know wveryone want to believe in "mobile", but I just don't see it in the short term as the essential economic limits in the mobile broadband value chain - too much variety, too few standards, cr*p cost structure - just haven't changed much since 2005 when we first looked at this area. What will happen is "Big Smart Mobiles" - ie Tablets - will take the broadband media content load (and payola) as quite simply a mobile screen is just too darned small. Where there's a wall, there's a way.....
The New York Times paywall learns about work-arounds the hard way - Nieman Labs:
The paywall is costing the newspaper $40-$50 million to design and construct, Bloomberg has reported. Lacy and Frothy BubblesInvestment value and valuation by VC company, red = may not be in the money (Source TechCrunch.com) Sarah Lacy on TechCrunch talking about: ....the billions of dollars in late stage deals being invested by the top firms in Silicon Valley are another matter. First of all, we’re talking about far bigger chunks of cash, mostly from pension funds and endowments. And these firms are making investments in the handful of sure $1 billion-plus winners that Wall Street and the Valley have spent more than a decade of sub-market returns waiting on to mature. Each deal represents dozens or even hundreds of people cashing out, while others take on a greater risk. And each deal represents another delay in companies like Facebook or Zynga going public. Sarah puts a chart up (see above) of investments and which will likely be in or out the money come payday. Those who have been reading our Bubblewatch series will know what this is of course, its the inexorable end moves of Stage Four on the Bubblemeter (though the fact that these high priced deals are already being done with shedloads of pension money is worrying) To recap: 1. There is a New New Thing that trancends the Old Economics, and you cannot value It the Old Way. This Time It will Be Different. Dumb Money companies start paying over the odds for New Thing acquisitions. This is getting to be a mature Stage 4, next issue is that all the money has to go somewhere - right now it is going to overpay for quality* companies, but soon even thatw ill be seen by even the dumbest money as overpriced, and then it will be Stage 5..... Lacy notes that: While most of these deals and prices had been reported before, a few things jumped out at me once I collected the data in one place. It’s clear the quality of deals is slipping. When DST pioneered this category, the firm was adroitly responding to a gaping market need. These companies needed huge amounts of cash to scale to the unprecedented 1 billion person online market potential, but the IPO market was closed. That’s no longer the case. “Oh, how it’s no longer the case! Please, dear God, call me!” some poor banker is no-doubt lamenting, reading this post. Give it time, Sarah, give it time...thats at Step 8 * I don't buy the view that they are all quality companies. They are too herd-designated with too little real data to tell in most cases. Monday, March 21. 2011SXSW, Gamification and New Wine, Old Bottles
I didn't go to SXSW this year - I was busy (so have no view as to whether it is so over, etc) but was rather interested in the view that apprently this year Gamification was "In". (Gamification is the setting of game type mechanisms on other types of interactions to modify - typically attract, addict - people to that service). Keeping to today's trope of Old Wine, New Bottles I can say that "Gamification" was being talked about in the small-room sessions at SXSW 2009 (which I did attend) although the term "Gamification" wasn't used at the time. My experience of SXSW 2009 was that the New Things were not in the large panels, the plenaries, the corridor conversations - it was in those small room sessions.
Anyway, Gamification was one of those, ansd the debates were twofold: (i) How to do it? I won't dwell on the "How To Do It" piece, a number of people went through that at the time and the first main adoption was in the 2nd generation Location services (Foursquare, GoWalla etc) and now everyone is at it. All you need to know is the reasoning is that a game environment creates higher user addiction and also tends to make them hand over more money/information for datascraping than they would otherwise if they were of "sober" mentality. The real question is "Will it Work" - the view at the time was that it would be like privacy (again, sessions in SXSW 2009 eerily predict the Privacy Wars of 2011) ie you can fool some of the people all of the time, and all of the people some of the time, but not all of the people all of the time - and there may well be a backlash when those fooled feel foolish. I was thus rather interested that an early part of the backlash would be part of the gaming community - Adam Loving: There is good gamification and bad gamification. Bad gamification is slapping extrinsic rewards (or a contrived story) on top of an interaction. Good gamification amplifies the intrinsic rewards of a particular behavior – to increase the feeling of fun, flow, or accomplishment of the player. Players know bad gamification when they see it, because it doesn’t take their interests into consideration. Good gamification aligns the needs of both designer and player. As Adam notes (and the SXSW panel by and large also found) you cannot increase the intrinsic value of something by adding game mechanics, all you can do (at best) is make the value more visible, change the context of your site somewhat and increase the engagement - but it has limits:
As Adam points out, the turning point is when the metagame - that the gamified application's aim is to increase user suck-in and then "monetise" - becomes clear to said suck-ees: It doesn’t take long before you run into a wall where your fun ends and doing things that benefit Zynga become a requirement (you must pay or invite to continue). The sinking feeling you feel at that moment, is the line between good and bad gamification. It isn’t bad to expect players to pay (or send uncomfortable invitations), but at this point the rewards all swing in Zynga’s favor. You realize you aren’t playing a game, but participating in the gamification of inviting and buying – and it ceases to be fun. And my view is that the backlash will probably be stronger, because people have been asked to input far more of themselves (one of the SXSW 09 participants said gamification can be seen as a "mental drug" - possibly overstated, but you can see how this will play out.....). Look at some of the backlash we are now seeing on social network privacy, and imagine that as a magnified, ex-Gamified phenomenon. Thus it becomes obvious why the Gaming community is probably an early concerned observer, as the backlash will probably hit them too, and that is their entire livelihood. (Update - I forgot to write - I think its temporary phenomenon, a user experience blind alley, as it will be pretty tedious if everything is a game, rather than just delivering the service required. )
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